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- Sparta PCBoard Hard Drive Conference
- (201) 729-5377 or (201) 729-7056
-
-
- Auto-config Formatting Procedures
- Western Digital WD 1002S-WX2
-
- The following information is taken directly from the Western Digital
- Installation Guide for the WD 1002S-WX2 HD controller. For clarity
- I have inserted my own notes on some portions of the procedures that
- WD has lightly touched.
-
- Step Instructions
-
- 1. Correctly install or remove jumper on SW1-5. This is the
- uppermost jumper on SW1.
-
- Note: This jumper tells the BIOS to read the jumpers 1-4
- on SW1 for the corresponding table to use or to
- accept keyboard input for the various parameters.
-
-
- 2. At the A Prompt, insert the PC-DOS Supplemental Diskette;
- load and run the PC-DOS debug utility by typing DEBUG.
-
- A>DEBUG c/r
-
- 3. At the debug prompt, initiate the WD format program by
- typing the following command line. The debug prompt is the
- hyphen "-".
-
- -g=c800:5 c/r
-
- 4. The WD format program will display the following message:
-
- WX2 Format Revision T.8 (c) Copyright Western digital Corp. 1985
- Key in drive no and interleave as follows: d ii where
- d = relative no (0-1)
- ii = interleave factor (1-16)
-
- Enter d and ii separated by a space and followed with a Return
-
- Example:
- 0 03 c/r
-
- NOTE: Drive C: = 0, Drive D: = 1. An interleave factor of 3 is
- standard. If formatting two drives, this option must be run
- twice; once with d=0 and again with d=1.
-
- 5. The following message will be displayed:
-
- Key in disk characteristics as follows: ccc h rrr ppp ee oo
- where
- ccc = total number of cylinders (1-4 digits)
- h = number of heads (1-2 digits)
- rrr = starting reduced write cylinder (1-4 digits)
- ppp = write precomp cylinder (1-4 digits)
- ee = max correctable error burst (1-2 digits)
- oo = CCB option byte (1 hex digit)
-
- Enter each value separated by a space and follow entry with
- a return
-
- Example:
- 306 4 128 128 11 05 c/r
-
- 6. CPU Response (did you know cpu's respond?)
-
- Are you virtually configuring the drive - Answer Y/N
-
- Enter a "Y" and c/r for yes or "N" and c/r for no.
-
- Sysop note: All this is asking is "Do you want to split
- the drive into more than one volume"?
-
- 7. If Yes, the following message is displayed.
-
- Key in virtual drive size list as vvvv
- where vvvv = virtual drive size (1-4 digits)
-
- Enter two cylinder numbers, followed by a space and
- c/r
-
- Note: The sum of these two numbers cannot exceed the
- maximum number of available cylinders on your hard disk.
-
- Example:
- 153 153 c/r
-
- If No, continue to next step
-
- 8. The following message will be displayed.
-
- Press "y" to begin formatting drive d with interleave ii.
-
- Note: d = drive number and ii = interleave factor.
-
- Type "Y" followed by a c/r
-
- 9. System Responses:
-
- If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays
- the following message and returns to DOS.
-
- CPU response:
- Nothing done exit
- A>
-
- If an error occurs while formatting, the program will immediately
- terminate, display the following error message, and return to DOS.
- XX is the hexidecimal S-WX2 BIOS completion code.
-
- CPU response:
- Error----completion code XX
- A>
-
- If "Y" is typed, formatting is initiated. If there are no
- resulting errors, the program displays the following message.
-
- CPU response:
- Do you want to format bad tracks - answer Y/N
-
- Respond with appropriate Y or N followed by a c/r
-
- The user is prompted to enter, via the keyboard, a bad track list.
- This list should be provided by the drive manufacturer. However, due
- to DOS limitations, this procedure is not remommended.
-
- Sysop note: Let the sucker format the bad tracks and then use Norton's
- DT immediately after partitioning and high level format
- is performed to pick up any bad track information and mark
- them appropriately in the FAT.
-
- Because of the logical addressing used by DOS, marking an entire track
- bad will result in more than one logical address being marked bad. As
- DOS can only accept a limited number of defects, a drive with excessive
- defects may cause the format program to termnate with an error. The
- displayed error is typically "TRACK 00 BAD - DRIVE UNUSABLE".
-
- As a recommended alternative, execution of the DOS utility program
- FORMAT should correctly locate and deallocate all media defects.
-
- 10. If Yes, the following message is displayed.
-
- Key in bad track list as follows: ccc h ...(repeat)
- where
- ccc = bad track cylinder number (1-4 digits)
- h = bad track head number (1-2 digits)
-
- Type in the cylinder and head numbers for the bad tracks,
- separate them with spaces, and follow with a c/r
-
- Example:
- 160 1 161 1 304 3 223 4 223 2 c/r
-
- The bad track message will be displayed again. To
- terminate bad gtrack entry, type "N" followed by a c/r
-
- 11. The following message is displayed.
- Format successful - Returning to system
-
- If a second drive is to be formatted, repeat steps 4 through 13 with
- d = 1, otherwise continue.
-
-
- RUNNING THE FDISK UTILITY
-
- The FDISK utility partitions the drive for DOS. Please refer to the
- PC-DOS operating manual for detailed instructions regarding this utility.
-
- 12. Load and run the FDISK utility to set up the disk partitions.
-
- 13. CPU Response:
-
- IBM Personal Computer
- Fixed disk Setup Program Version 2.00
- Copyright IBM Corp. 1983
-
- FDISK Options
-
- Choose one of the following:
-
- 1. Create DOS Partition
- 2. Change Active Partition
- 3. Delete DOS Partition
- 4. Display Partition Data
- [5. Select Next Fixed Disk Drive]
-
- Enter Choice:
-
- Note: When two disk drives are installed, the system will
- automatically add a fifth choice on the menu:
- "5. Select Next Fixed Disk Drive". The first drive is
- partitioned using choice number 1. Then, the second drive
- is partitioned starting with choice number 5. All subsequent
- steps are the same for both drives.
-
- Select "Create DOS Partition" and enter a 1 followed by a c/r.
-
- 14. The following message will be displayed:
-
- Create Dos Partition
-
- Do you wish to use the entire fixed
- disk for DOS (Y/N)...........?
-
- Type a Y followed by a c/r
-
- 15. CPU response:
-
- System will now reboot
-
- Insert DOS diskette in Drive A:
- Press any key when ready..
-
- RUNNING THE FORMAT UTILITY
-
- 16. Load and run the PC-DOS utility program FORMAT to write the
- DOS structure and syustem files to the disk. At the A prompt,
- type FORMAT C: /S/V followed by a c/r
-
- 17. The CPU will respond with:
- Press any key to begin formatting C:
-
- 18. The System will respond with:
-
- Formatting....Format Complete
- system transferred
-
- Volume Label(11 Characters, ENTER for none)?
-
- 19. Either enter the optional volume name and press c/r or just
- press c/r
-
- 20. When the FORMAT program is finished, the hard disk is ready to be
- booted from. It will contain the file COMMAND.COM and the two
- system files which are hidden.
-
- Note: This is known as the "high level" format process. If a
- second drive, or Drive D:, is to be formatted, repeat steps
- 12 through 19. When running FDISK on the second drive, enter
- choice [5] first, then continue as before.
-
- 21, To verify that the hard disk will now boot, open the door of the
- floppy drive and do a warm boot by simultaneously pressing CTRL,
- ALT, and DEL (We call this the three finger salute). The system
- BIOS first examines Drive A for a system diskette. If it doesn't
- find one, then it will try to boot from the C drive, the hard
- disk. If the hard disk boot is successful, the system will assert
- the date, time, and C> prompts in order. Other files may now be
- copied to the hard disk.
-
-
- Sysop Note: I am going to throw some technical mumbo jumbo in here just
- to make you feel comfortable with the info you are typing into the
- questions asked by WD's program.
-
- The HD controller provides a system interface to the hardware and onboard
- BIOS through direct and indirect i/o. Direct access is accomplished
- by reading and writing to four I/O ports. Indirect access is achieved
- by executing pre-written I/O subroutines contained in the BIOS on the
- controller.
-
- Commands are issued by the CPU to the controller over the host buss
- using a pre-defined protocol (known as ST506/412). The CPU issues
- a command sequence by selecting the controller. The controller accepts
- the selection, and requests the appropriate command bytes. Upon command
- completion, the controller issues completion status to indicate whether
- the command was successfully completed or terminated because of an error.
-
- Direct access operations are controlled through four I/O ports (assigned
- default addresses 320H, 321H, 322H, and 323H). Each port is assigned one
- Read register and one Write register as follows:
- Registers
- Port Read Write
- 320H Data IN Data OUT
- 321H Status Reset (function)
- 322H Configuration Select (function)
- 323H N/A Mask
-
-
- The CPU specified the operation or command to be executed by the controller
- by sending a 6 or 10 byte Command Descriptor Block (CDB). The CCB we
- were asked for earlier in the WD formatter routine is called the Command
- Control Byte and is the last byte in the CDB. It specifies the error
- recovery procedure during the command execution.
-
- The ECC is comparable to CRC on a floppy drive. It is known as Error
- Correction Code and is set on or off by one of the bits in Byte 5 of
- the CDB.
-
- My fingers are tired at this point and I am not going to get into
- a further detailed discussion of each bit and its values in the
- CDB. If you wish to obtain further information, give us a call at
- Sparta PCBoard, join the HD conference, and fire away at us. We
- may not have the answer, but we can usually get it.
-
- Richard Driggers
- SysOp - Sparta PCBoard
-
- -eof-